In: The Liberal Script at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Conceptions, Components, Tensions (Oxford University Press)

Around the globe, liberal ideas and institutions are under pressure. Authoritarian regimes claim superiority of their developmental models, referring to their seemingly higher efficiency and effectiveness in fighting pandemics, reducing social inequality, or controlling migration. Likewise, populists of various colors attack liberal elites for their failure to address these societal challenges, accusing them of moral bankruptcy. Postcolonial critics point to the implicit complicity, if not as the root cause, of colonial structures, arguing that liberalism has served as justification for violence, exploitation, exclusion, and injustice. Criticism is also voiced by supporters of liberalism. They denounce the liberal hypocrisy of using double standards, highlighting the discrepancy between liberal principles and illiberal practices, as showcased by the border regimes of liberal democracies. In a progressive vein, progressive liberals deplore the societal rift and rising inequality produced by neoliberal policies. Liberal ideas, institutions, and practices are contested both from outside and within liberalism.

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